Arch KDE -> Hyprland

KDE 上 Wayland 后天天给我 crash, 就直接换 Hyprland 了

1. 安装

在 Arch KDE(或现有桌面) 下
pacman hyprwayland-scanner 或 yay hyprwayland-scanner-git
pacman hyprland 或 yay hyprwayland-git
[Optional] 可以在 console 用 hyprland 进桌面, 但是基本什么都干不了, cmd 下的 hyprland 不会接收到我的 Super 按键事件

2. 配置

先别急着用 sddm 进 hyprland, 在 Arch KDE(或现有桌面)下
创建或更改 ~/.config/hypr/hyprland.conf, 例子 hyprwm/Hyprland, 可以直接复制覆盖
确认好基本的设置比如 Super key 是什么, terminal 有没有安装(默认是 kitty) 可能没有安装然后会导致开不了控制台基本就很难受(一般直接更改到你目前用的比如 konsole)
然后就可以进去边用边设

2.1 MONITORS

可以给显示器设置摆放位置和刷新率, 比如我放一个 AOC 在左边, 笔记本屏幕在右边

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################
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### MONITORS ###
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################
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# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Monitors/
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monitor=,preferred,auto,1
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# auto put AOC in left
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monitor=desc:Chimei Innolux Corporation 0x15E8,1920x1080@60,1920x0,1
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monitor=desc:AOC 27B2 0x0000CD6A,1920x1080@75,0x0,1

其中 monitor 的 description 可以在 hyprctl monitors 拿到. 尽量别设负数 position (虽然也能用), 会导致一些程序运行错误, 比如 hyprshot.

2.3 Autostart

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#################
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### AUTOSTART ###
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#################
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# Autostart necessary processes (like notifications daemons, status bars, etc.)
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# Or execute your favorite apps at launch like this:
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exec-once=dbus-update-activation-environment --systemd WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP # for screen sharing
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# exec-once = ~/xdg-deksop-portal-hyprland-startup.sh
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exec-once = $terminal
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# notification
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exec-once = dunst
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# status bar and background
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exec-once = waybar -c ~/.config/waybar/waybar.conf
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# wallpaper
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exec-once = hyprpaper --config ~/.config/hypr/hyprpaper.conf
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# copy-paste manager
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exec-once = wl-paste --type text --watch cliphist store #Stores only text data
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exec-once = wl-paste --type image --watch cliphist store #Stores only image data
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# save paste content after application closed
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exec-once = wl-clip-persist --clipboard regular
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# KDE auth kit - auth popup
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# exec-once=/usr/lib/polkit-kde-authentication-agent-1
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# Or if you use Hyprland w/o uwsm
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# check https://wiki.hyprland.org/Hypr-Ecosystem/hyprpolkitagent/
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# exec-once = systemctl --user start hyprpolkitagent
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# fcitx5 config
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exec-once=fcitx5-remote -r
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exec-once=fcitx5 -d --replace
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exec-once=fcitx5-remote -r
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# icon indicator on waybar
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exec-once=nm-applet --indicator
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exec-once=blueman-applet

wl-clipboard wl-clip-ersist waybar hyprpolkitagent 等需要额外安装, 用 pacman 或 yay
wl-paste 可以用来管理复制的内容, 然后用快捷键比如 Super + V 看历史
fcitx 解决方法参考 hyprwm/Hyprland/discussions/421

2.4 INPUT

kb_options 可以用来设 compose key 比如 kb_options = compose:ralt
follow_mouse 用来选鼠标交互方式, 比如鼠标 1=hover(放上去就选中窗口) 或者 2=click(点击选中)
scroll_factor 设置滚动速度

2.5 ENV

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#############################
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### ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ###
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#############################
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# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Environment-variables/
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# fcitx
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# env = GTK_IM_MODULE,fcitx # set GTK seperately for fcitx instead of setting GTK_IM_MODULE
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env = QT_IM_MODULE,fcitx
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env = QT_IM_MODULES,wayland;fcitx;ibus
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env = XMODIFIERS,@im=fcitx
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env = SDL_IM_MODULE,fcitx
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env = GLFW_IM_MODULE,ibus
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env = GDK_BACKEND,wayland,x11,*
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env = ELECTRON_OZONE_PLATFORM_HINT,wayland
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env = QT_QPA_PLATFORM,wayland;xcb
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env = SDL_VIDEODRIVER,wayland
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env = CLUTTER_BACKEND,wayland
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env = XCURSOR_SIZE,24
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env = HYPRCURSOR_SIZE,24
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env = XDG_MENU_PREFIX,arch-
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env = XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP,Hyprland
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env = XDG_SESSION_TYPE,wayland
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env = XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP,Hyprland
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## if use Nvidia
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# env = LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME,nvidia
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# env = __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME,nvidia
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# env = NVD_BACKEND,directs

2.6 KEYBINDINGSS

大部分都是默认

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####################
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### KEYBINDINGSS ###
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####################
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# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/
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$mainMod = SUPER # Sets "Windows" key as main modifier
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# Example binds, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Binds/ for more
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bind = $mainMod, Q, exec, $terminal
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bind = $mainMod, C, killactive,
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bind = $mainMod, M, exit,
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bind = $mainMod, E, exec, $fileManager
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bind = $mainMod, F, togglefloating,
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bind = $mainMod, R, exec, $menu
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# bind = $mainMod, P, pseudo, # dwindle
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bind = $mainMod, P, exec, $terminal -e " python"
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bind = $mainMod, J, togglesplit, # dwindle
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# Move focus with mainMod + arrow keys
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bind = $mainMod, left, movefocus, l
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bind = $mainMod, right, movefocus, r
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bind = $mainMod, up, movefocus, u
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bind = $mainMod, down, movefocus, d
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# bind = $mainMod, down, layoutmsg, cyclenext
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# Switch workspaces with mainMod + [0-9]
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bind = $mainMod, 1, workspace, 1
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bind = $mainMod, 2, workspace, 2
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bind = $mainMod, 3, workspace, 3
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bind = $mainMod, 4, workspace, 4
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bind = $mainMod, 5, workspace, 5
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bind = $mainMod, 6, workspace, 6
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bind = $mainMod, 7, workspace, 7
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bind = $mainMod, 8, workspace, 8
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bind = $mainMod, 9, workspace, 9
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bind = $mainMod, 0, workspace, 10
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# Move active window to a workspace with mainMod + SHIFT + [0-9]
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 1, movetoworkspace, 1
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 2, movetoworkspace, 2
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 3, movetoworkspace, 3
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 4, movetoworkspace, 4
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 5, movetoworkspace, 5
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 6, movetoworkspace, 6
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 7, movetoworkspace, 7
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 8, movetoworkspace, 8
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 9, movetoworkspace, 9
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 0, movetoworkspace, 10
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# Example special workspace (scratchpad)
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bind = $mainMod, S, togglespecialworkspace, magic
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bind = $mainMod SHIFT, S, movetoworkspace, special:magic
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bind = $mainMod, V, exec, cliphist list | wofi --dmenu | cliphist decode | wl-copy
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# if nvidia
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# bind = $mainMod, G, exec, google-chrome-stable --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --enable-wayland-ime --use-angle=vulkan --use-cmd-decoder=passthrough
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bind = $mainMod, G, exec, google-chrome-stable --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --enable-wayland-ime
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bind = $mainMode, K, exec, kate
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bind = $mainMode, Y, exec, spotify --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --enable-wayland-ime
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# Scroll through existing workspaces with mainMod + scroll
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bind = $mainMod, mouse_down, workspace, e+1
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bind = $mainMod, mouse_up, workspace, e-1
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# Move/resize windows with mainMod + LMB/RMB and dragging
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bindm = $mainMod, mouse:272, movewindow
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bindm = $mainMod, mouse:273, resizewindow
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# bind=,Print,exec,hyprshot -m region --clipboard-only
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# bind=,Print, exec, grimblast copy area
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bind=,Print, exec,grim -g "$(slurp)" - | swappy -f -
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# bindel=, XF86AudioRaiseVolume, exec, wpctl set-volume @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ 5%+
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# bindel=, XF86AudioLowerVolume, exec, wpctl set-volume @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ 5%-
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bind=, XF86AudioMute, exec, wpctl set-mute @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ toggle
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bind =, XF86AudioPlay, exec, playerctl play-pause
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bind =, XF86AudioPause, exec, playerctl play-pause
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bind =, XF86AudioNext, exec, playerctl next
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bind =, XF86AudioPrev, exec, playerctl previous
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bind = , XF86AudioRaiseVolume, exec, volumectl up
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bind = , XF86AudioLowerVolume, exec, volumectl down
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# use acpi in /etc/acpi/handlers and /etc/acpi/events
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# bind = , XF86MonBrightnessUp, exec, lightctl up
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# bind = , XF86MonBrightnessDown, exec, lightctl down
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bind = $mainMod, L, exec, hyprlock

bind bindl bindm 之类的大体上没有显著差别
hyprshot grimblast playerctl hyprlock, swappy 等要额外安装
Arch 没有 lightctl 可以用 acpi 代替, 参考 ejmastnak.com/tutorials/arch/backlight

2.7 Waybar - Status Bar

创建 ~/.config/waybar/waybar.conf
上 Alexays/Waybar/wiki/Examples 找模板改, 我改的第三个, 配置如下

waybar.json

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// -*- mode: json -*-
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// from https://github.com/cjbassi/config/blob/master/.config/waybar/config
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{
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 "layer": "top",
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 "position": "top",
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 "modules-left": [
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  "hyprland/workspaces",
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  "custom/right-arrow-dark"
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 ],
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 "modules-center": [
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "clock#1",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "clock#2",
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  "custom/right-arrow-dark",
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  "custom/right-arrow-light",
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  "clock#3",
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  "custom/right-arrow-dark"
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 ],
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 "modules-right": [
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "wireplumber",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "memory",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "cpu",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "battery",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "disk",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "backlight",
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  "custom/left-arrow-light",
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  "custom/left-arrow-dark",
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  "tray"
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 ],
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 "custom/left-arrow-dark": {
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  "format": "",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "custom/left-arrow-light": {
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  "format": "",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "custom/right-arrow-dark": {
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  "format": "",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "custom/right-arrow-light": {
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  "format": "",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "hyprland/workspaces": {
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  "disable-scroll": true,
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  "format": "{name}",
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  "on-click": "activate"
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 },
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 "clock#1": {
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  "format": "{:%a}",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "clock#2": {
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  "format": "{:%H:%M}",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "clock#3": {
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  "format": "{:%m-%d}",
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  "tooltip": false
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 },
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 "wireplumber": {
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  "format": "{icon} {volume:2}%",
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  "format-bluetooth": "{icon}  {volume}%",
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  "format-muted": "MUTE",
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  "format-icons": {
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   "headphones": "",
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   "default": [
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    "",
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    ""
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   ]
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  },
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  "scroll-step": 5,
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  "on-click": "pamixer -t",
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  "on-click-right": "pavucontrol"
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 },
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 "memory": {
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  "interval": 5,
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  "format": "Mem {}%"
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 },
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 "cpu": {
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  "interval": 5,
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  "format": "CPU {usage:2}%"
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 },
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 "battery": {
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  "states": {
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   "good": 95,
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   "warning": 30,
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   "critical": 15
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  },
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  "format": "{icon} {capacity}%",
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  "format-icons": [
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   "",
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   "",
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   "",
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   "",
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   ""
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  ]
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 },
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 "disk": {
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  "interval": 5,
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  "format": "Disk {percentage_used:2}%",
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  "path": "/"
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 },
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 "backlight": {
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        "format": "\udb80\udcdf {percent}%",
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        "scroll-step": 5
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    },
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 "tray": {
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  "icon-size": 20
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 }
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}

其中 pavucontrol pamixer 得另外装
style.css

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* {
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 font-size: 20px;
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 font-family: monospace;
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}
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window#waybar {
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 background: #292b2e;
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 color: #fdf6e3;
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}
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#custom-right-arrow-dark,
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#custom-left-arrow-dark {
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 color: #1a1a1a;
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}
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#custom-right-arrow-light,
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#custom-left-arrow-light {
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 color: #292b2e;
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 background: #1a1a1a;
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}
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#workspaces,
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#clock.1,
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#clock.2,
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#clock.3,
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#wireplumber,
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#memory,
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#cpu,
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#battery,
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#disk,
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#backlight,
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#tray {
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 background: #1a1a1a;
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}
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#workspaces button {
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 padding: 0 2px;
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 color: #fdf6e3;
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}
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#workspaces button.focused {
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 color: #268bd2;
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}
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#workspaces button:hover {
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 box-shadow: inherit;
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 text-shadow: inherit;
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}
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#workspaces button:hover {
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 background: #1a1a1a;
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 border: #1a1a1a;
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 padding: 0 3px;
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}
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#wireplumber {
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 color: #268bd2;
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}
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#memory {
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 color: #2aa198;
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}
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#cpu {
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 color: #6c71c4;
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}
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#battery {
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 color: #859900;
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}
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#disk {
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 color: #b58900;
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}
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#clock,
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#wireplumber,
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#memory,
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#cpu,
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#battery,
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#disk,
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#backlight{
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 padding: 0 10px;
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}

放在 ~/.config/waybar 下然后 exec-once 里启动

2.8 Hyprlock - screen Locker

创建 ~/.config/hypr/hyprlock.conf
复制 wiki.hyprland.org/Hypr-Ecosystem/hyprlock 上 Widgets 下来, 比如

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background {
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    monitor =
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    # path = /home/me/someImage.png   # only png supported for now
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    color = rgba(25, 20, 20, 1.0)
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    # all these options are taken from hyprland, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/#blur for explanations
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    blur_passes = 0 # 0 disables blurring
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    blur_size = 7
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    noise = 0.0117
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    contrast = 0.8916
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    brightness = 0.8172
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    vibrancy = 0.1696
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    vibrancy_darkness = 0.0
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}
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input-field {
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    monitor =
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    size = 200, 50
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    outline_thickness = 3
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    dots_size = 0.33 # Scale of input-field height, 0.2 - 0.8
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    dots_spacing = 0.15 # Scale of dots' absolute size, 0.0 - 1.0
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    dots_center = false
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    dots_rounding = -1 # -1 default circle, -2 follow input-field rounding
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    outer_color = rgb(151515)
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    inner_color = rgb(200, 200, 200)
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    font_color = rgb(10, 10, 10)
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    fade_on_empty = true
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    fade_timeout = 1000 # Milliseconds before fade_on_empty is triggered.
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    placeholder_text = <i>Input Password...</i> # Text rendered in the input box when it's empty.
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    hide_input = false
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    rounding = -1 # -1 means complete rounding (circle/oval)
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    check_color = rgb(204, 136, 34)
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    fail_color = rgb(204, 34, 34) # if authentication failed, changes outer_color and fail message color
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    fail_text = <i>$FAIL <b>($ATTEMPTS)</b></i> # can be set to empty
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    fail_transition = 300 # transition time in ms between normal outer_color and fail_color
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    capslock_color = -1
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    numlock_color = -1
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    bothlock_color = -1 # when both locks are active. -1 means don't change outer color (same for above)
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    invert_numlock = false # change color if numlock is off
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    swap_font_color = false # see below
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    position = 0, -20
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    halign = center
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    valign = center
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}
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label {
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    monitor =
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    text = cmd[update:1000] echo "<span foreground='blue'>$(date)</span> "
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    text_align = center # center/right or any value for default left. multi-line text alignment inside label container
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    color = rgba(200, 200, 200, 1.0)
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    font_size = 25
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    font_family = Noto Sans
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    rotate = 0 # degrees, counter-clockwise
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    position = 0, 80
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    halign = center
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    valign = center
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}

2.9 Electron on wayland

本节为了解决一些 electron 应用不能复制之类的问题

参考:

如果遇到 chromium / electron 无法复制 -> 可以开 xeyes 看看是不是跑在 X11 下(用 xeyes), 要跑在 wayland 上就没问题.
加 export ELECTRON_OZONE_PLATFORM_HINT=wayland 和 export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland 让 electron 和 qt 程序跑在 wayland 上
如果遇到 fcitx5 无法在 chromium / elctron 在 wayland 上输入, 需要加参数 --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --enable-wayland-ime 在启动的时候, 比如 chrome 和 vscode

本节为了解决不能分享屏幕或者录屏之类的问题

参考:

先按照文档1的安装 pipewire 和 wireplumber , 然后按照文档2的安装 xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland(可以卸载 xdg-desktop-portal-wlr 如果有).
根据文档2把 exec-once=dbus-update-activation-environment --systemd WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP 加进 hyprland.conf 里

2.11 打开文件 KDE 提示的弹窗

本节为了解决 KDE 提示的弹窗是空白或者他不能根据文件后缀打开

参考: https://www.lorenzobettini.it/2024/05/fixing-the-empty-open-with-in-dolphin-in-hyprland/

安装 sudo pacman -S archlinux-xdg-menu
把 env = XDG_MENU_PREFIX,arch- 加到 hyprland.conf

2.12 Jetbrain IDEs in wayland

在 wayland 上跑 Jetbrain IDEs

参考:

把 -Dawt.toolkit.name=WLToolkit 加到 help->custom VM options 里

如果想监听/playback主板的 LineIn 口(也就是 windows 上的 listern 功能) 可以用 pactl load-module module-loopback source=alsa_input.usb-Generic_USB_Audio-00.pro-input-1. 其中 source 需要 pactl list short sources 然后找到 LineIn 的 sink, 不行的话可以每个都试一下. 取消监听是 pactl unload-module module-loopback

3. 遇到的未解决的问题

Jetbrain IDEs 可能在一些操作后, 比如 Ctrl shift L 格式化后失去指针(不会显示正在更改的光标也无法输入), 目测是格式化弹窗用 enter 进行格式化而不是鼠标触发, 我一般用 Super + C 弹出 IDE 的关闭确认弹窗然后取消就可以了
Chrome 在跳弹窗的时候不会显示 popup 只会把 tab 冻结，用按住 SUPER 然后点一下 Chrome 就ok了